Brake dust may pose a bigger pollution risk than exhaust fumes - EHN

Feb 20, 2025

Microscopic particles from brake pad wear can be more harmful to lung cells than diesel exhaust, raising concerns about vehicle-related air pollution even as electric cars replace gas-powered ones.

Rachel Keenan reports for The Guardian.

In short:

Key quote:

"People generally associate pollution from cars as being from exhaust pipes and think of electric vehicles as having zero emissions. However, electric vehicles still produce particulate matter due to friction and wear of the road, tyres, and brakes."

— Dr. James Parkin, lead author of the study at the University of Southampton

Why this matters:

For decades, efforts to curb vehicle pollution have focused on tailpipe emissions, a key driver of smog and respiratory illness. But as electric vehicles replace gas-powered cars, another set of pollutants is emerging as a silent threat: microscopic particles from brake pads and tire wear. These fine particles, small enough to be inhaled deep into the lungs, have been linked to inflammation, cardiovascular disease and long-term respiratory issues.

While EVs produce no exhaust, they tend to be heavier than traditional cars due to large battery packs. That extra weight increases wear on tires and brakes, leading to more airborne particles. Some research suggests that non-exhaust emissions could soon become the primary source of vehicle-related air pollution, particularly in urban areas.

Learn more: Exploring the health risks of car brake pollution